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About Bulgaria |
Symbols of national flag:
WHITE - Clarity, Hope, Nobility
GREEN - Freedom, Faith, Fruitfulness
RED - Braveness, Love, Strength
General information
Geography location: Bulgaria is situated in Southeast Europe and occupies the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula.
Territory: 110 994 km 2
Population: 7 973 671
Capital: Sofia
Oficial language bulgarian
Religy: • Bulgarian Orthodox -83,8%,
• Muslim - 12,1%,
• Roman Catholic -1,7%,
• Jewish - 0,1%,
• Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian and other - 2,3%
Policy system: Parliamentary Republic
National currency: BG Lev
Time zone: GMT +2
Oficial holidays:
• January 1st – New Year’s Holiday
• March 3rd – National Holiday
• Easter and the first Monday after Easter
• May 1st – Labour Day
• May 6th – Gergyovden and the Bulgarian Army’s Day
• May 24th – Cyril and Methodius Day
• September 6th – Unification Day
• September 22nd – Independence Day
• November 1st – National Day of the Bulgarian Revival Leaders
• December 24th, 25th 26th – Christmas Days
• December 31 & January 1, 2 - Celebrate New Year
Location
Bulgaria is situated in Southeast Europe and occupies the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. To the north it borders on Romania, to the west on the Republic of Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, to the east on the Black Sea, to the south on Greece and to the southeast on Turkey's European part. Area: 111.000 sq km.
Relief
Extremely varied:
large plains and lowlands, low and high mountains, valleys and lovely gorges.
Climate
Temperate continental with clearly marked four seasons. A Mediterranean influence is felt in the country's southern regions. The average annual temperature is 10.5°C. The average January temperature is around O°C. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 30°C.
Geography and Nature
The nature of Bulgaria is very various and very impressive with a lot of beautiful high mountains, lakes, waterfalls, calm nature places, interesting rock phenomena and more... The longest mountain is Stara Planina, which cross the territory of the country from east to west border and devide Bulgaria at 2 parts - Southern and Northern. The other big and more popular mountains in Bulgaria are: Vitosha /near te capital city Sofia/, Rila - at south-west /with the highest peak on te Balkan Peninsula - Mussalla, 2925 m/, Pirin - at south-west, Rhodopes - at south, Strandja - at east, Sakar - at east. There are also other small mountains wich are part of the biger mountains. The whole east border of Bulgaria is going at coast of the Black Sea, and there are many attractive sea resorts at the coast of the Black sea. At noth - the river Danube is northern border of the country. That is why the northern part of Bulgaria is named Danube lowland. The territory of Central Bulgaria situated between the mountaind Rhodopes and central Stara Planina is called Gorna Trakya lowland.
History and culture
The Thracians lived in what is now known as Bulgaria from about 3500 B.C. They were incorporated into the Roman Empire by the first century A.D. At the decline of the empire, the Goths, Huns, Bulgars, and Avars invaded. The Bulgars, who crossed the Danube from the north in 679, took control of the region. Although the country bears the name of the Bulgars, the Bulgar language and culture died out, replaced by a Slavic language, writing, and religion. In 865, Boris I adopted Orthodox Christianity. The Bulgars twice conquered most of the Balkan peninsula between 893 and 1280. But in 1396 they were invaded by the Ottoman Empire, which made Bulgaria a Turkish province until 1878. Ottoman rule was harsh and inescapable, given Bulgaria's proximity to its oppressor. In 1878, Russia forced Turkey to give Bulgaria its independence after the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). But the European powers, fearing Russia's and Bulgaria's dominance in the Balkans, intervened at the Congress of Berlin (1878), limiting Bulgaria's territory and fashioning it into a small principality ruled by Alexander of Battenburg, the nephew of the Russian czar. Alexander was succeeded in 1887 by Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, who declared a kingdom independent of the Ottoman Empire on Oct. 5, 1908. In the First Balkan War (1912–1913), Bulgaria and the other members of the Balkan League fought against Turkey to regain Balkan territory. Angered by the small portion of Macedonia it received after the battle—it considered Macedonia an integral part of Bulgaria—the country instigated the Second Balkan War (June–Aug. 1913) against Turkey as well as its former allies. Bulgaria lost the war and all the territory it had gained in the First Balkan War. Bulgaria joined Germany in World War I in the hope of again gaining Macedonia. After this second failure, Ferdinand abdicated in favor of his son in 1918. Boris III squandered Bulgaria's resources and assumed dictatorial powers in 1934–1935. Bulgaria fought on the side of the Nazis in World War II, but after Russia declared war on Bulgaria on Sept. 5, 1944, Bulgaria switched sides. Three days later, on Sept. 9, 1944, a Communist coalition took control of the country and set up a government under Kimon Georgiev. A Soviet-style People's Republic was established in 1947 and Bulgaria acquired the reputation of being the most slavishly loyal to Moscow of all the East European Communist countries. The general secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhikov, resigned in 1989 after 35 years in power. His successor, Peter Mladenov, purged the Politburo, ended the Communist monopoly on power, and held free elections in May 1990 that led to a surprising victory for the Communist Party, renamed the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). Mladenov was forced to resign in July 1990. In Oct. 1991, the Union of Democratic Forces won, forming Bulgaria's first non-Communist government since 1946. Power shifted back and forth between the pro-Western Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) and the BSP during the 1990s. The economy continued to deteriorate amid growing concern over the spread of organized crime. A new UDF government, led by Prime Minister Ivan Kostov, was elected in 1997 to overhaul the economic system and institute reforms aimed at stemming corruption. Progress on both fronts remained slow. As a result, the UDF lost the July 2001 election to the former king of Bulgaria, leader of the Simeon II National Movement (SNM). The new prime minister, Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Simeon II), had been dethroned 55 years earlier (at age nine) during the Communist takeover of the country. Bulgaria became a member of NATO in 2004. In 2005, the EU approved its membership for 2007, subject to the implementation of reforms, especially the cleaning up of corruption and organized crime. In June 2005 general elections, no party received a clear majority, and a coalition government was formed with Socialist Party leader Sergei Stanishev as the new prime minister.
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Laguna Hotel & Pizza-Restaurant in Holiday Village Kraimorie 
